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Workplace Policies on Substance Abuse: What Employees Need to Know

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Today’s workplaces are more aware than ever of how substance abuse, mental health, and overall well-being affect not just productivity—but people’s lives. If you or a colleague is struggling with addiction, substance misuse, or a substance use disorder, it’s important to understand your rights, responsibilities, and how your workplace policies come into play.

At Ocean Ridge Recovery, we work with employees from a wide range of industries—many of whom are navigating company policies, HR concerns, or returning to work after substance abuse treatment. This guide breaks down what you need to know about workplace expectations, protections, and resources available to help.

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Why Substance Abuse Policies Matter

Workplace policies around substance use and alcohol consumption are in place to protect employees, maintain a safe working environment, and comply with federal laws. These company policies are usually outlined in your employee handbook, and they cover things like:

  • Expectations around alcohol use and drug use during work hours
  • What counts as gross misconduct or illegal activities
  • Consequences for unsatisfactory performance tied to drug abuse or alcohol abuse
  • Whether prescription medications must be disclosed (especially in safety-sensitive positions)
  • Use of marijuana or illicit drugs, especially in states where marijuana use is legal recreationally

These substance abuse policies also aim to reduce substance-related incidents like data breaches, lost productivity, and safety risks—especially in industries where workers must safely perform tasks.

How Federal Laws Shape Workplace Policy

Employers must balance substance abuse policies with employees’ rights under federal laws such as:

  • The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) – Protects individuals in recovery from a substance use disorder, but not those currently engaged in illegal drug use.
  • The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) – Allows paid time (or unpaid) medical leave for substance abuse treatment, if certified by a medical professional.
  • Civil rights laws – Ensure that employees are not discriminated against due to past or current participation in treatment programs.

Employers must ensure compliance with these laws, while also establishing clear guidelines that define acceptable use, expectations, and consequences.

What to Expect in a Company Substance Abuse Policy

A solid workplace policy includes:

  • Clear expectations for employee performance and behavior
  • Guidelines around remote work and substance use (yes, remote work is included!)
  • Details on drug testing, disciplinary procedures, and what qualifies as a violation
  • Information on employee assistance programs (EAPs) or mental health support
  • Processes for seeking treatment confidentially without fear of punishment

The Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offer resources to help employers develop important policies rooted in prevention, compassion, and evidence-based support.

What Happens If You Violate a Substance Use Policy?

Consequences vary depending on your company and whether the violation involved alcohol consumption, drug use, or another form of substance misuse. Some employers may:

  • Require you to attend a substance abuse treatment program
  • Refer you to an employee assistance program
  • Place you on leave (often with the chance to return after completing treatment)
  • Terminate your employment, especially in cases involving controlled substances, gross misconduct, or repeated violations

However, more than half of employers today offer second chances and access to treatment programs—especially when employees come forward voluntarily.

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What If You Need Help Right Now?

If you’re struggling with drug addiction, alcohol abuse, or a substance use disorder, don’t wait for a crisis to happen at work. Many employers support recovery and want to help their employees get back on track.

You may have access to:

  • An employee assistance program (EAP) that connects you with treatment
  • Paid time or FMLA-covered leave for rehab
  • Confidential support from HR or health and wellness teams

Ocean Ridge Recovery: Here for You and Your Workplace Journey

At Ocean Ridge, we believe workplace recovery should be possible—and employees should never be punished for choosing to get help. We work hand-in-hand with employers, HR teams, and medical providers to make sure your treatment journey is protected, professional, and respectful of your privacy and goals.

Whether you’re worried about your employee handbook, need help understanding company policies, or just want to know what the next step looks like, we’re here to guide, support, and advocate for you.

Contact Ocean Ridge Recovery today to learn more about how we can support your treatment, career, and long-term wellness—both inside and outside the workplace.

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